癌症是可防可治的慢性病，快来相识这11条癌症防治建议

世界卫生组织认为癌症是一种生活方式疾病。改变不康健生活方式可以预防癌症的发生，早诊早治是提高癌症生存率的关键，规范化的治疗是治愈癌症的基本保障。和气家启望肿瘤中心医疗总监艾思田教授提示您以下11条癌症防治建议，快来相识：

1

Avoiding or stopping smoking remains the single most important intervention.

制止吸烟和不吸烟仍然是最重要的一项干预措施。

2

Detection of early cancers using breast imaging, colonoscopy, or CT lung screening can also be life-saving.

早期癌症的筛查可以挽救生命，建议乳腺影像、结肠镜或肺部CT等筛查方法。

3

Infection and inflammation is an important preventable cause of cancer. Chronic hepatitis can be prevented using vaccination against hepatitis B virus.

熏染和炎症可导致癌症，而这一类很重要的病因是可以预防的，例如接种乙肝疫苗可以预防慢性肝炎。

4

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may be sexually transmissible, and cause cancers of the cervix, mouth, anus, vulva, vagina and penis. All of these cancers can now be prevented by having HPV vaccination when young, as well as by practising safe sex.

人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)可能通过性流传，并导致宫颈癌、口腔癌、肛门癌、外阴癌、阴道癌和阴茎癌。现在所有这些癌症都可以通过在年轻时接种HPV疫苗以及举行宁静性行为来预防。

5

Bacterial infection of the stomach affects almost half the world’s population, and causes 90% of stomach cancers. If you suffer from indigestion, you can ask your doctor about being tested for this infection using endoscopy, breath test, blood test, or stool test. A 1-2 week course of antibiotics cures the infection in 70% of people.

胃部的细菌熏染影响了世界上近一半的人口，并导致了90%的胃癌。如果患有消化不良，可以咨询医生并举行相关的内窥镜检查，呼吸测试，血液测试，或粪便测试。1-2周的抗生素治疗可以治愈70%被熏染的人群。

6

Cancers of the breast, prostate, bowel, and uterus are more likely if you gain weight and/or don’t exercise. This cancer risk can be reduced by losing weight, not snacking, and exercising for 30 minutes each day. Doing so can also reduce recurrence risk if you were previously diagnosed with cancer.

体重增加或缺乏磨炼，会增加患乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肠癌和子宫癌的风险。这类患癌风险可以通过减肥、不吃零食和天天磨炼30分钟来降低。这种做法也会降低癌症的复发。

7

About 5% of cancers are predisposed to by genetic factors. If many people in your family have had cancer, or if cancer has occurred at an early age in a first-degree family member, you can discuss with your doctor whether to have a gene test on your blood.

约莫5%的癌症是由遗传因素引起的。如果你的家人中多人有癌症病史，或者你的一级亲属在很年轻时候就患了癌症，你可以和你的医生讨论是否要通过血液举行基因检测。

在癌症治疗方面，艾思田教授另有以下提示：

1

Immunotherapy is often useful for patients with melanoma, kidney and bladder cancer, and lung cancer, plus some others. This type of drug therapy can have unusual side-effects, so is best prescribed by an experienced specialist in medical oncology.

免疫疗法通常对玄色素瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌、肺癌以及其他一些癌症治疗有效。这种药物治疗可能导致一些不常见的副作用，所以最好咨询有履历的肿瘤专家开具处方。

2

Targeted (‘smart’) therapies block genetic abnormalities specific to a patient’s tumor. These abnormalities can be detected by gene testing of a tumor biopsy sample. The results of such gene tests may sometimes predict the effectiveness of this kind of drug.

靶向（“智慧”）治疗可以阻止患者肿瘤的某种特定的基因异常。这些基因异常可以通过肿瘤活检样原来检测。基因检测的效果可以在一定水平上预测靶向药物的疗效。

3

Another kind of targeted therapy involves using an injectable radioisotope that binds specifically to certain tumors and kills them. This approach has worked well for thyroid cancer and neuroendocrine cancer, and is now being used around the world for treating metastatic prostate cancer. PET scanning may help predict success of this treatment.

另一种靶向治疗方法是使用一种可注射的放射性同位素，这种同位素与某些肿瘤特异性联合并杀死它们。这种方法在治疗甲状腺癌和神经内排泄癌方面的效果很好，在世界规模内，现在也用于治疗转移性前列腺癌。PET扫描有助于评估这种治疗是否乐成。

4

It can be a good option to seek out clinical trials if all standard treatment options for a given cancer have been already used up.

如果某一癌症所有的尺度治疗方案都已用尽，那么加入临床试验或许是一个更好的选择。

最后，艾思田教授还提示面临防疫和抗癌双重挑战的肿瘤患者：

Take all the usual precautions against infection. Be calm and patient, and don’t panic. Try to keep your cancer treatments and appointments on time if you can. There should be little extra risk in undergoing cancer treatment provided that you observe the usual hygienic advice regarding handwashing, masking and social distancing.

接纳一切预防熏染的通例措施，保持岑寂，不要惊慌。疫情期间，尽可能如期举行计划的癌症治疗和随会见诊。只要您严格遵守勤洗手、佩带口罩、保持社交距离等通例卫生建议，在接受癌症治疗时分外的熏染风险应该会很小。

专

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简

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艾思田教授

Prof. Richard Epstein

和气家启望肿瘤中心 医疗总监

英国皇家内科医学院荣誉院士

澳洲皇家内科医学院荣誉院士

◆英国剑桥大学博士，帝国理工学院医学博士，拥有凌驾35年肿瘤治疗的国际履历，现在任职于全球多家医学会，并担任多家学术委员会的主席和团结主席，他还向导了包罗乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、肾癌等领域内逾30个癌症临床试验。

◆除了尺度的循证医学肿瘤治疗，他现在的临床领域还包罗：免疫治疗；个体化的肿瘤治疗；运用癌症基因/DNA分析或家族性癌症易感性预测每位患者奇特的肿瘤敏感性，用于准确到分子、非化疗的“智慧”靶向药物治疗；治疗诊断学，运用诊断追踪分子注射剂，将杀灭癌症的放射性核素同位素精准置于患者转移性沉积物，并将对康健组织的毒副反映降至最低。